Cell- A basic unit of life
1. Name:
(a )The process through which amoeba acquires its food from the external environment .
(b) Name cell organelles that is termed as suicidal bags of the cell and has membrane bound sac filled with powerful digestive enzymes.
(c)Two cell organelles that contain their own genetic material .
(d) Site of energy release inside the cell.
(e) The main constituent substance present in the plant cell wall.
(f) The kind of plastid which is important for photosynthesis in leaves of the plants.
(g) The cell organelle that detoxifies poisons and drugs into liver of vertebrates.
(h) Two cell organelles having double membrane envelope.
(i) Two materials stored in leucoplasts.
(j) The organelles which is associated with protein synthesis.
(k) Two components of chromosomes.
(l) The cell which have changing shape.
(m) The cell which have a typical shape.
(n) The plastid involved in conversion of green brinjal to violet .
(o) The power house of the cell.
(p) The cell organelle responsible for inter cellular transport.
(q) The functional unit of gene.
(r) A cell organelle which lacks membrane. Two nucleic acids present in the cell.
2. State the function of chromosomes in a cell.
3.What is plasmolysis ?What happens to a plasmolysed cell when it is placed in water
4.What is plasma membrane? What are its functions?
5. What are cell organelles?
6.What is cellulose and its function?
7. How are vacuoles in plant cells different from those in animal cells
8. Why is it said that "a cell without nucleus is without any feature"?
9. What do you mean by nucleoid?
10. What is endoplasmic reticulum? Name the two types of endoplasmic reticulum. W.rite its main function.
11. What is a centrosome and what function does it perform?
12. Write the function of Chromatin material!
13. Describe in short that chief components of a nucleus.
14. Why are mitochondria also referred to as strange organelles?
15. What role does a nucleus play in cellular reproduction?
16. Distinguish between cell wall and cell membrane.
17. Give difference between cytoplasm and nucleus.
18. Write the main functions of cell wall.
19. Give any two functions of plastids.
20. Give any two functions of plasma membrane.
21.Name two nucleic acids present in the cell and their function.
22. Define osmosis. In what two ways it is different from diffusion?
23. Write one function each of ribosomes , vacuole, plasma membrane.
24. Write two similarities and one of the dissimilarities between mitochondria and plastid.
25. Division of labor exists even at intracellular level. Justify the statement.
26. (a) L.ist any two structural differences and two similarities between a plant cell and animal cell (b) What would happen if an animal cell is kept in distilled water for 24 hours?
27. (a) Write two points of difference between nuclear region of a bacterial cell and a region of an animal cell.
(b) Which structure present in the nucleus of a living cell bear genes?
28. Draw a diagram of a plant cell and label its any for parts.
29. (a) Level the part marked of 1, 2, 3 in a prokaryotic cell. (b)Mention any three feature of prokaryotic cells.
30. Differentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. How is endoplasmic reticulum inportant for membrane biogenesis?
31. Describe the role played by the lysosomes in a Cell .Why these are termed as suicial bags? How do they perform their function?
32. Distinguish leucoplast from chromoplast based on one feature. Give an example of chromoplast present in plant cell .What is the function of chromoplast in the plant cell?
33. Why is plasma membrane referred to as selectively permeable membrane? Give two points of difference between diffusion and osmosis.
34. Who give their term Golgi apparatus? Name one cell organelles that is formed by Golgi apparatus. .Write any two functions of Golgi apparatus.
35. Endocytosis is found only in animals. State and explain the process by which an amoeba obtain its food.
36.Draw and label the parts of prokaryotic cell.
37. Write the functions of the following organelles in a cell (i) chloroplast (ii) nucleus (iii) ribosomes
38.Two beakers A&B contain plain water and concentrated sugar solution respectively equal number of dry raisins are kept in them for a few hours and then taken out.
Explain the reason for the difference in the physical appearance of raisins which were taken out of the two beakers on the basis of above observation category is that two solutions as hypotonic and hypertonic.
39.Which cell organelles would you associate with ATP Productions ?How is this organization to make its own protein?
40. A student performed an experiment by placing the de-shelled egg .in a concentrated salt solution for 5 minutes. What changes did he observe in the egg? Give reason for the same.
41. (a)Why is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life? (b)Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane? (c)Name the factors which decides the movement of water across the plasma membrane.
42. State reasons for the following:
(a) Mentioned the use of deep folding in the inner membrane of mitochondria .
(b) Plastids are able to make their own protein .
(c) Plant cells shrink when kept in hypertonic solution.
43. Define osmosis? In what two ways it is different from diffusion?
44. Name three types of plastids found in plant cells and give one functions of each.
45. What is membrane biogenesis? Explain what happens when a drop of concentrated sugar solution is placed on a real Leaf peel mounted on a glass slide? Name this phenomenon. Would the same happen if the rear leaf was boiled before mounting? Give reason for your answer.
46.What would happen if the plasma membrane rupture or breaks down ? What would happen to the life of a cell if there were no Golgi apparatus?
47. Describe the structure of the plant cell.
48. What is the name given to the therad shaped structures in the nucleus? Why is it important?
49. Draw a diagram of the nucleus to show the given parts: (i) nucleolus (ii) nuclear pore (iii) nuclear envelope,
50. Explain the term (i) endocytosis (ii) plasmolysis .What will happen if the organisation of a cell is damaged due to certain physical or chemical reasons? (iii) How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell?
51. Differentiate between chromatin and chromosomes.
52. List any two single-celled organisms.
53. M.ention the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryoted in terms of nuclear reason present in them.
3.What is plasmolysis ?What happens to a plasmolysed cell when it is placed in water
4.What is plasma membrane? What are its functions?
5. What are cell organelles?
6.What is cellulose and its function?
7. How are vacuoles in plant cells different from those in animal cells
8. Why is it said that "a cell without nucleus is without any feature"?
9. What do you mean by nucleoid?
10. What is endoplasmic reticulum? Name the two types of endoplasmic reticulum. W.rite its main function.
11. What is a centrosome and what function does it perform?
12. Write the function of Chromatin material!
13. Describe in short that chief components of a nucleus.
14. Why are mitochondria also referred to as strange organelles?
15. What role does a nucleus play in cellular reproduction?
16. Distinguish between cell wall and cell membrane.
17. Give difference between cytoplasm and nucleus.
18. Write the main functions of cell wall.
19. Give any two functions of plastids.
20. Give any two functions of plasma membrane.
21.Name two nucleic acids present in the cell and their function.
22. Define osmosis. In what two ways it is different from diffusion?
23. Write one function each of ribosomes , vacuole, plasma membrane.
24. Write two similarities and one of the dissimilarities between mitochondria and plastid.
25. Division of labor exists even at intracellular level. Justify the statement.
26. (a) L.ist any two structural differences and two similarities between a plant cell and animal cell (b) What would happen if an animal cell is kept in distilled water for 24 hours?
27. (a) Write two points of difference between nuclear region of a bacterial cell and a region of an animal cell.
(b) Which structure present in the nucleus of a living cell bear genes?
28. Draw a diagram of a plant cell and label its any for parts.
29. (a) Level the part marked of 1, 2, 3 in a prokaryotic cell. (b)Mention any three feature of prokaryotic cells.
30. Differentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. How is endoplasmic reticulum inportant for membrane biogenesis?
31. Describe the role played by the lysosomes in a Cell .Why these are termed as suicial bags? How do they perform their function?
32. Distinguish leucoplast from chromoplast based on one feature. Give an example of chromoplast present in plant cell .What is the function of chromoplast in the plant cell?
33. Why is plasma membrane referred to as selectively permeable membrane? Give two points of difference between diffusion and osmosis.
34. Who give their term Golgi apparatus? Name one cell organelles that is formed by Golgi apparatus. .Write any two functions of Golgi apparatus.
35. Endocytosis is found only in animals. State and explain the process by which an amoeba obtain its food.
36.Draw and label the parts of prokaryotic cell.
37. Write the functions of the following organelles in a cell (i) chloroplast (ii) nucleus (iii) ribosomes
38.Two beakers A&B contain plain water and concentrated sugar solution respectively equal number of dry raisins are kept in them for a few hours and then taken out.
Explain the reason for the difference in the physical appearance of raisins which were taken out of the two beakers on the basis of above observation category is that two solutions as hypotonic and hypertonic.
39.Which cell organelles would you associate with ATP Productions ?How is this organization to make its own protein?
40. A student performed an experiment by placing the de-shelled egg .in a concentrated salt solution for 5 minutes. What changes did he observe in the egg? Give reason for the same.
41. (a)Why is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life? (b)Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane? (c)Name the factors which decides the movement of water across the plasma membrane.
42. State reasons for the following:
(a) Mentioned the use of deep folding in the inner membrane of mitochondria .
(b) Plastids are able to make their own protein .
(c) Plant cells shrink when kept in hypertonic solution.
43. Define osmosis? In what two ways it is different from diffusion?
44. Name three types of plastids found in plant cells and give one functions of each.
45. What is membrane biogenesis? Explain what happens when a drop of concentrated sugar solution is placed on a real Leaf peel mounted on a glass slide? Name this phenomenon. Would the same happen if the rear leaf was boiled before mounting? Give reason for your answer.
46.What would happen if the plasma membrane rupture or breaks down ? What would happen to the life of a cell if there were no Golgi apparatus?
47. Describe the structure of the plant cell.
48. What is the name given to the therad shaped structures in the nucleus? Why is it important?
49. Draw a diagram of the nucleus to show the given parts: (i) nucleolus (ii) nuclear pore (iii) nuclear envelope,
50. Explain the term (i) endocytosis (ii) plasmolysis .What will happen if the organisation of a cell is damaged due to certain physical or chemical reasons? (iii) How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell?
51. Differentiate between chromatin and chromosomes.
52. List any two single-celled organisms.
53. M.ention the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryoted in terms of nuclear reason present in them.
TISSUES
1. State two functions of the adipose tissue
2.What are the types of complex permanent tissues?
3.What is a tissue?Justify that blood is a tissue
4. Name the two types of plant tissue.
5.What is meristmatic tissue?
6. How many types of meristmatics tissue are there on the basis of their presence?
7. What do you understand by differentiation?
8. How is permanent tissue formed from meristematic tissue?
9. What is source of cork?
10. What are stomata?
11. What do you mean by guard cell?
12. Name the complex plant tissue
13. What is the function of cutin the waxy substance present in epidermis of desert plants ?
14. What are vascular bundle?
15. Name the four elements of phloem.
16. What is the function of lymph?
17. Identify the meristematic tissue ,which are located at (i)growing tips of roots and stems(ii) the base of the leaves or internodes on twings.
18. What is apical meristem ? What is its function
19. Why is epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plant?
20. Draw a level diagram of a neuron.
21. State the role of ligament and tendon in our skeletal system.
22. A horse and mango tree are both complex living organisms with the specialist yet different tissues system to perform the basic life processes. give two reasons for possessing different tissues to perform a similar function.
23. (i) Voluntary muscles are also known as skeletal muscles.Justify.
(ii)Give two structural characteristics of this voluntary muscles?
24.How are simple epithelial tissues and compound epithelial tissue different?
25. Which epithelial tissue is present on the tongue?
26.Which two cells contains flat squamous cells arranged in many layers to prevent wear and tear of parts?
27.Name an animal whose the skeleton is made up of cartilage.
28. What is the function of RBCs?
29. What is the lifespan of human RBCs?
30.Write the location and function of collenchyma tissue.
31.State three advantages of cutin. .
32. Write any two characteristic feature of parenchyma tissue.
1. State two functions of the adipose tissue
2.What are the types of complex permanent tissues?
3.What is a tissue?Justify that blood is a tissue
4. Name the two types of plant tissue.
5.What is meristmatic tissue?
6. How many types of meristmatics tissue are there on the basis of their presence?
7. What do you understand by differentiation?
8. How is permanent tissue formed from meristematic tissue?
9. What is source of cork?
10. What are stomata?
11. What do you mean by guard cell?
12. Name the complex plant tissue
13. What is the function of cutin the waxy substance present in epidermis of desert plants ?
14. What are vascular bundle?
15. Name the four elements of phloem.
16. What is the function of lymph?
17. Identify the meristematic tissue ,which are located at (i)growing tips of roots and stems(ii) the base of the leaves or internodes on twings.
18. What is apical meristem ? What is its function
19. Why is epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plant?
20. Draw a level diagram of a neuron.
21. State the role of ligament and tendon in our skeletal system.
22. A horse and mango tree are both complex living organisms with the specialist yet different tissues system to perform the basic life processes. give two reasons for possessing different tissues to perform a similar function.
23. (i) Voluntary muscles are also known as skeletal muscles.Justify.
(ii)Give two structural characteristics of this voluntary muscles?
24.How are simple epithelial tissues and compound epithelial tissue different?
25. Which epithelial tissue is present on the tongue?
26.Which two cells contains flat squamous cells arranged in many layers to prevent wear and tear of parts?
27.Name an animal whose the skeleton is made up of cartilage.
28. What is the function of RBCs?
29. What is the lifespan of human RBCs?
30.Write the location and function of collenchyma tissue.
31.State three advantages of cutin. .
32. Write any two characteristic feature of parenchyma tissue.
33. List two characteristics of call name the chemical present in them and mention its role
34. With the help of level diagram, differentiate parenchyma and collenchyma.
35.List any two characteristic feature of parenchyma tissue.
36.List any two functions of epithelial tissue in human body
37.Name the living components common to both the complex permanente tissues found in plants.
What is its function .
38.Name the tissue (a) that connect muscles to bone in human (b)forms inner lining of alveoli
(c) stores fat in our body (d) transports water and minerals in Plants
39. List four functions of blood
40. Write two locations of the following animal tissues (a) simple squamous epithelial cells
(b) cuboidal epithelium.
41.(a) Name the tissue that makes husk of coconut.Write three characteristics of this tissue.
(b) Name the connective tissue which connects two bones.(c) Name the connective tissue present in external ear.
42. Mention one reason in the human body where adipose tissues is present and state one function of the tissue.
43. List two points of differences between parenchyma and sclerenchyma .
44. Name the simple permanent tissue which (i) forms the basic packing tissue (ii) provides flexibility in plants.
45. Mention four characteristics feature of the cells of meristematic tissue.
46. What is apical meristem? Where it is located? State its function
47. How does the bone matrix differ from the matrix of cartilage?
48.Name the tissue which helps in transportation of oxygen that we inhale to various parts of our body. Write the composition of this tissue.
49. Water hyacinth plant floats on water surface. Name the tissue and its type due to which it is possible and also explain the special feature of this tissue that help in this.
50.Name the following tissue
(a) The connective tissue found between the skin and muscle
(b) The tissue which connects two bones
(c) The epithelial tissue which forms the lining of the kidney tubules
(d) The tissue which is present in the veins of leaves.
51. Growth in plant is restricted to certain regions. Give reason for this fact. Mention two growth in plants.
52. Identify the type of tissues in the following
(a) Vascular bundle (b) Inner lining of the intestine (c) Lining of kidney tubules (d) Iris of the eye
(e) Muscles of the heart (f) Bronchi of the lungs.
53. Draw a labelled diagram of the basic unit of nervous tissue .State the role of epidermis in plants.
54.State the difference between tendon and ligament.
55.(i) Name the following (a) tissue that connect muscles to Bone (b) tissues that store fat in our body (c) tissues that transport food in plants (d) tissues that provides flexibility in plants.
(ii) List the role of cork in plants.
56. Label the following and give one function of each part labeled a , b ,c
57.Identify the animal faces from the given description and also mention their location in the human body.
Tissue "A" cells are filled with a fat globules and the tissues act as an insulator
Tissue "B" has cylindrical branched cells and the tissues shows the rhythmic contraction and relaxation through life.
58. Write three distinguishes features between cells of meristematic and permanent plant tissue.
59. Mention three characteristics feature and three functions of xylem.
60. Explain in brief any three rolls of epidermis in plants.
61. Name any three connective tissue. Give any one function of each.
62. Explain how the bark of tree is formed? How does it act as a protective tissue .
63.Draw a diagram of cardiac muscle and level any two parts..Write one main function of cardiac muscle
64.Show using a diagram of meristematic tissues in plants on the basis of their location. I.dentify the one which is responsible for increase in the growth of stem.
65.State one point of difference between xylem and phloem. Draw a neat diagram of xylem vessel and tracheid.
66.Wight the difference between striated muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscles on the basis of their shape and the number of nuclei.
67. Make a labeled diagram to highlight to difference between striated and cardiac muscles .Write one function of striated muscles in our body .
68. What are the small pores observed in the epidermis of the leaf called .Write it's two main functions.
69. Give reasons for the following:
(a) bark of a tree is impervious two gases and water (b) in desert plants epidermis has a thick waxy coating(c) epidermal cells of the root generally have hair like parts.
70.Identify the simple permanent plant tissue with the following description and also mention their location in the plant body. (a) cells have irregular wall thickenings (b) tissues with large inter cellular space and cells having large air cavity (c) cells are long narrow and dead in nature.
71. Draw a labeled diagram of longitudinal section of sclerenchyma. Name any two reasons in the plant where this tissue is present.
72. Give reason for the following: (a) Cells of sclerenchyma have an narrow lumen.
(b) Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity. (c) I.t is difficult to pull out the husk of coconut .
73.Uma started walking fast when she noticed that some unknown faces are following her. Name the two types of tissues which facilitated the movement of her legs bones in response to the stimulus. 74.Draw the diagram of any one of the above mentioned two tissues and level any two parts.
75. Identify the type of muscular tissue having following characteristics
(a) Cylindrical branched and uni nucleated. (b) Long with pointed ends and uni nucleated (c) long cylindrical, unbranched and multi nucleated.
76. Name the type of epithelial tissues that lines the following :
(a) Oesophagus (b) Respiratory tract (c) Kidney tubules (d) Inner lining of intestine. (e) Blood vessels (f) Ducts are saliva glands
77. Explain the process of differentiation. Identify the given tissue in the diagram given below. State any three characteristics feature of the same.
78. Name the type of tissue of blood and also the liquid matrix of the blood. Name the components present in it . List any two functions of blood.
BILOGICAL DIVERSITY
1.State two ways of classifying plants and animals into different categories.
2.(i) Name the plants having seeds with two cotyledons.
.(ii) Name the type of circulatory system in arthropods.
3.Write one point of difference each between the following:
(i) Porifera and Coelenterata
(ii) Birds and Reptiles.
4.List any three different features of whale and fish.
5.To which class of animalia does the housefly belong? Mention any three characteristics feature of this class of animal. Give two other examples of this class of animal.
6. Write any two differences between cryptogames and phaneroames.
7. (a) Given below arefew plant spieces,
Identified the division to which they belong and write one major characteristics of the division.
(i) Spyrogyra (ii) deodar (iii) moss.
(b) What is the mode of nutrition for all of them ?
8. The following is a list of invertebrates. Classified them into different phyla giving one characteristic morphological feature to justify your classification ?
(a) Starfish (b) Nereis
(c) Housefly (d) Sycon
(e) Planaria.
9.Mention any two similarities and one difference in body design of animals belonging to Annelida and Arthropods. Give two examples each of animals belonging to these two classes.
10.(a) Identify the organisms. Name the phylum to Which this organism belongs. Write any two characteristic feature of the phylum.
(b)Pick up the old one out and justify your choice by giving regions. Crocodile Salamander Sparrow Bat.
(c) Write the common name for a Ascaries ,Wuchereia.
11. Draw the flow chart for classification of Kingdom plantae right suitable examples of each group.
12.(a) Which organism is more complex and evilved among bacteria, mushroom and mango tree.Give reasons.
(b)List out three common feature in cat, rat and bat.
13. (a) What is coelom. State its significance.
(b) pick of the organisms that have a pseudocoelom from the following:
Earthworm, pinworms, tape-worm and roundworms.
(c) What is peculiar about the column of arthropods? What is such a condition called? Explain.
(d) To which phylum of animals where do the following Animalia belong to
octopus, pila, chiton and unio? Comment on their coelom.
14. (a) Differentiate between fungi and plantae.
(b) Mention the basis of classification among plants to different levels.
(c) Differenc between Amphibians and Reptiles.
(d) Aves and Mammals.
15. Name the five classes of vertebrates,compare any two on the basis of their: (i)Habit (ii) Covering of skin (iii) Respiratory organs (iv) Chamber of heart (v)Reproduction.
16. (a)State two feature of Amphibians.
(b) Identify the following organisms:
(i) cold blooded animals that lay eggs in water and have three-chambered heart
(ii) spiny skinned organisms which have a peculiar water driven tube system that they use for moving around.
(iii) Organisms which have an open circulatory system having blood filled coelomic cavity.
17.(a) State two characteristics features of vertebrates
(b) State reasons for each of the following statements;
(i) Ekdina and platypus lay egg but considered as mammals
(ii) Forelimbs of birds are modified
(iii) Crocodiles have four-chambered heart but are still reptiles.
(iv) Birds have pneumatic bones.
18. Why do we keep both snake and turtle in the same class?
19. Name the largest group of animals. Write the salient features of this group. Give two examples.
20. Differentiat between Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.
21. Classify following organisms on the based on presence of two coelom.
22. Draw diagram of hydra and label the following parts: Tentacles, Stinging cells, Gastrovascular cavity, Epidermis .
23. Write the four features of pteridophyta and give any two examples.
24. Write the names of the kingdom's for the following organisms:
(a) Single celled , eukaryotic and photosynthetic
(b) Multicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic
(c) Single celled, prokaryotic and heterotrophic.
25. "Tapeworm is triploblastic". What does it mean? How is hydra different from tapeworm in this aspect? Name the phylum to which hydra and tapeworm belong to?
26. Write one characteristics feature of each of the following:
(i) Cryptogam (ii) Arthropoda (iii) Mammals.
27. (i) What is the function of notochord?
(ii) List out any four features that all chordates will possess.
29. Write three differences between animals belonging to Aves group and those in Mammals group .
30. (a) Write two distinct features by which vertebrates are differentiated from invertebrates.
(b) What are photochordates? Give two examples.
31. Write four characteristics of monerans.
Blue-green algae have been included under the Kingdom monera not under plantae. Why?
32. How are pteridophytes different from phanerogames? Give example for each group.
33. You are given leech, Neries, Prawn and Scorpion and all have segmented body organizations. Give the important characters based on which you separate these organisms into different groups.
34. Write two examples of each:
(a) egg-laying mammals
(b) organisms with open circulatory system (c) prokaryotic organisms.
35. Write two examples of organisms belonging to the given phylum
(a) nematoda
(b) platyhelminthes
(c) arthropoda
36. What is the system of scientific naming of organisms called ? State two important conventions followed while giving such names.
37. State two reasons for the following:
(a) Fungi are called saprophytes.
(b) Platyhelminthes are called so.
(c) Birds have hollow bones
38. To which group in the hierarchy of classification saprophytes belong? Why are they called saprophytes ? Ehat is meant by symbiotic relationship ? Give an example .
39. Distinguish between
(a) Monera and protista on the basis of nucleus
(b) Fungi and plantae on the basis of mode of nutrition.
(c) Gymnosperm and angiosperm on the basis of seeds.
40. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Spyrogyra and label the following parts:
(a) Outermost layer of the cell organelles that performs the function of photosynthesis
(b) jelly like substance in the cell where all organelles are suspended.
(c) Darkly colored and dot like structures generally present in the center of the cell.
40. Classify the following and write one characteristics of each
(a) Lichen (b) Sponges (c) Flatworm .
41. State reasons for the following:
(a) Protists have appendages like cilia and flagella.
(b) Angiosperm are called so
(c) Fish have scales on their body.
42. Name the phylum to which Spring skinned organisms like starfish and sea urchins belong to. Write two characteristics of this phylum which are peculiar of this group?
43. Write any three criteria on the basis of which organisms are grouped into five Kingdoms.
44. Write one difference between each of the following
(a) Echinodarmata and chordata.
(b) Amphibia and Pisces.
(c) Gymnosperm and Angiosperm.
45. Lichen show symbiotic life from between two organisms
(a) Name the two organisms showing this relationship
(b) Write the kingdoms to which each one of them belongs to.
(c) In such a relationship, organisms are parasitic or mutually benefited from each other or mutually dependent on another organism. "Explain".
46. Name the phylum to which the following organisms belong :
(a) Organisms which have peculiar water driven tube system that they use for moving around.
(b) Organisms which have a foot that is used for moving around and have an open circulatory system.
(c) These organisms have holes or poles all over the body. These lead to canel system that helps in circulating water throughout the body.
47. Identify and name the following:
(a) Organisms that use dead and decaying organic organic material as food
(b) Cell walls of fungi are made up of this special type of sugar.
(c) Kingdom to which animal belongs
(d) An example of a moneran and an animal with the pseudocoelom
(e) A group which has an open circulatory system
48.(a) Draw a well labeled diagram of paramecium.(b) Name the kingdom to which it belongs.
49. Snails are soft bodies shelter animal. Identify the phylum to which it belongs . Write any two distinguishing features of this phylum.
49. Write two characteristic feature of phylum to which Ascaris belongs.Name the parasitic worm causing elephantiasis.
50. What is the difference between phylum platyhelminthes and nematoda?
51.(a)Name the Kingdom to which protozoa belong.(b) Name the appaendages presents for movement in the following organisms: )(i) Euglena (ii) Paramecium.(c) Write one importance characteristics of that kingdom.
52. Give other name of to the category of plants that are called phanerogams. How are they further classified on the basis of their seeds. Give example from each category.
53. How does an Angiosperm differ from a gymnosperm with respect to its reproductive structure. Give an example of organism belonging to each one of these two classes.
54. To which class do Salamander and sparrow belong ? Write any two difference between these classes.
55. What do you understand by the term'naked embryo'? Name any two divisions in kingdom 'Plantae' that have naked embryo.Write the example of each division
56. Name the scientist who introduced the binomial nomenclature .
(a) What is the scientific name of humans?
(b) Find the odd one out : Riccia , Funaria, Fern, Marchantia.
57. State the appropriate term of the following:
(i) Plants which beer seeds with two cotyledons (ii) Animals which do not have coelom (iii)edible fungi.
58.(a) On what basis does the embryo of cryptogam differ from that of phanerogam? (b) Describe the feature that divides the angiosperms into two groups. (c) State that two subgroups of angiosperm.
59. List the basic criteria for classifying the plantae into various groups.Identify the following specimen given and write its characteristic features.
60. Give the reasons for the following
(i) Echinodna and platypus lay egg but are considered as mammals.
(ii) Crocodile has four-chambered heart but still a reptile.
(iii) Birds have pneumatic bones.
HEALTH AND DISEASE
1.Influenza or common cold spreads faster and is difficult to control. Why?
2.State two different ways by which infectious diseases spread.
3.What is an antibiotic? Give one example.
4.Name the causal organism of AIDS. Why a person suffering from its, cannot fight even very minor infections?
5."Community Health" is essential for good individual health. Justify this statement giving examples.
6. With the help of an example explain how disease-causing microbes spread through air ?
7. Which of the following disease will cause major ill effects on General Health- Elephantasis ,Cough and Cold, Tuberculosis, and Diarrhea. What are such disease called ?
8. AIDS is a fatal disease, Explain why?
9. Health workers are exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Write any for preventive measures they take to avoid sickness.
10. How can we prevent water born and vector-borne infections ?
11. What are communicable disease ? write it's one example. How do diseases spread
12. What are vectors ? Give two examples ?
13.Write two examples of each:
(a) Viral disease (b) Bacterial disease
14. Chances of spreading of cholera are higher in a village. Give reason.
15. Although Archana has been suffering from a cold and cough she decided to appear for her class test. Classmates seated close to her hand and exposure to the infection being carried by Archana. However only one of them actually suffered from cold and cough. Explain what prevented rest of those classmates catching cold and cough in spite of their exposure to the infection.
16. List for diseases for which vaccines have been developed.
17. (a) Name a worm which is found in our large intestine (b) Name the bacteria which can cause acne (c) Which one is responsible for sleeping sickness (d) Which disease is caused by the protozoan leishmania.
18.The immune system of a person is damaged by the attack of pathogen in his body.
(a) Name the disease he is suffering from (b) Name the pathogame and any to make modes of its transmission.
19. State any four ways by which and AIDS virus spread from an infected person to a healthy person.
20. State in tabular form the modes of transmission of each of the following disease:
(a) Syphilis (b) Tuberculosis (c) Jaundice (d) Japanese encephalitis.
21. 'Being disease free is not the same as being healthy' Explain the statement given an example.
22. What causes encephalitis ? How does it enter the body? Which organ does it infect? What are the symptoms in this organ is infected?
23. (a) How do children in many parts of India get immune to Hepatitis 'A' by the time they are five year old?
(b) Pinky suffered from chicken pox last month. Her grandmother told her that now she would not suffer from this disease again . What is the reason for such a saying ?
24. What is immunization . List to disease against which vaccines are available
25.List four preventive measures against communicable diseases.
26. (a) What are vectors ? (b) In many species of mosquitoes the male do not prefer human blood ,but females do. State why?
27. Write any one biochemical pathway in bacteria that is blocked by the antibiotics like penicillin.
28. Why is it difficult to make antiviral drugs?
29. Explain how individual health depends on social and mental well-being.
30. List any two ways of preventing the spread of Air borne diseases.
31. List any four essential factors that must be taken care of by an individual for keeping good health.
32. Making antiviral medicines is harder than making antibacterial medicine.Justify the statement.
33. Penicillin is not effective against common cold why?
34. Which disease is more harmful : acute or chronic disease ? Why are we advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick?
35. Write differences between acute and chronic diseases. Pick out chronic disease from the list given below: Japanese Encephalitis, viral fever, common cold, tuberculosis.
36. Write the symptoms when the following organs are targeted by microbes:
(a) Lungs (b) Liver (c) Brain
37. Same drug does not work against the microbes belonging to different groups. Why? State the mechanism of antibiotics in killing bacteria.
38. (a) State the principle of immunization. Name two diseases from which vaccine is available.
(b) Mention two basic principles of preventing of infectious diseases.
39. State the reasons for the following statements
(a) Children at the time of birth must be given proper vaccination (b) A person suffering from disease like tuberculosis , flu should be advised to avoid close public contact.(c) Personal hygiene is very essential for good health.
40. (a) While going abroad, why is it essential to get vaccinated against certain disease?
(b) Name of vaccine which saves the life of babies from three diseases. (c) A person is suffering from chest pain, breathlessness, loss of body weight, persistent cough and produces blood Stained sputum. Name the disease.
41. Write three precaution you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious disease.
42. (a) State the method of transmission of each of the following disease
(i) Cholera (ii) Malaria (iii) Pneumonia (iv) AIDS.
(b) Name the disease a person will get if the disease causing microbes target the liver of a person.
43. Differentiate between infectious and non-infectious disease. Give two examples of each.
44. Explain when a disease categories as a communicable disease. Give two examples for each of disease communicated through (i) air and (ii) water.
45. (a) If penicillin is given to a person suffering from jaundice, it does not have any effect on the infection. Why?
(b) Name a disease which has been eradicated from the world (c) State the principle behind its eradication.
46. Antibiotics are successful in curing bacterial infections but do not cure viral infections. Why?
47. A man is suffering from AIDS. (i) He is not able to fight off even minor infection. Why?
(ii) Write any two ways in which he could have got this disease.(iii) Will the treatment by antibiotics help him in AIDS ? Justify your answer.
48. For most microbes the organ they target is related to their point of entry.
(a)Furnish details of your answer under the following headings:
Organ of Entry Kind of microbes Target organ Disease caused
Mouth Bacteria
Mouth Virus.
(b) State the two important ways by which an infectious disease can be treated.
49.(a) State the principles of treatment that are generally followed by a doctor to treat infectious disease. (b) Write two ways by which HIV may get transmitted from one person to the other.
50. State the reason for the following statements:
(a) AIDS is considered to be a syndrome and not a disease. (B) Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. (c) Our surroundings should be free from stagnant water.
51.(a) Which of these is an acute aliment and why? Tuberculosis, Cancer, Diarrhea, Elephantiasis.
(b) State any two internal non-infectious causes of disease. (c) Name the organ that is targeted by the virus that causes jaundice.
52. List the name of three disease caused by virus stating their mode of communication is in each case.
53. Name two diseases caused by each of the following:
(a) Bacteria (b) Virus (c) Fungi
54. (a) What is the basis of principle of immunization ?
(b) Why are majority of the children in many parts of India already immune to Hepatitis - A though. They have never been vaccinated against it?
55. How infectious diseases spread in a community? Write and give causes of diseases with example
56. Name any five different groups of infectious disease and give an example of a disease caused by each of them.
57. Explain giving reasons:
(a) Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body. (b) Health of an organisms depend upon the soundings environmental conditions. (c) Our surroundings area should be free of stagnant water. (d) Social harmony and good economic conditions are necessary for good health.
58. Why do we not use antibiotics against viral disease?
59. Why does the penicillin not effective against the human cell but effective against bacterial cell?
60. During HIV infection virus does not kill the person but other diseases killed them could you explain it?
61. Is the primary cause of marasmus? What is the main cause of infectious disease?
62. Which is the causative organisms of acne?
63. Why HIV is an incurable disease?
64 Who walk out the principal of immunization?
65. Name the causative organism.
66. Which disease is caused by Helicobacter pylori?
67. Why are signs of a disease more important than symptoms?
68. What is the major drawback of principle of treatment?
69. How do children in many parts of India get immune to Hepatitis- A by the time they are 5 years old.
70. Who discovered first vaccine and for which disease ?
34. With the help of level diagram, differentiate parenchyma and collenchyma.
35.List any two characteristic feature of parenchyma tissue.
36.List any two functions of epithelial tissue in human body
37.Name the living components common to both the complex permanente tissues found in plants.
What is its function .
38.Name the tissue (a) that connect muscles to bone in human (b)forms inner lining of alveoli
(c) stores fat in our body (d) transports water and minerals in Plants
39. List four functions of blood
40. Write two locations of the following animal tissues (a) simple squamous epithelial cells
(b) cuboidal epithelium.
41.(a) Name the tissue that makes husk of coconut.Write three characteristics of this tissue.
(b) Name the connective tissue which connects two bones.(c) Name the connective tissue present in external ear.
42. Mention one reason in the human body where adipose tissues is present and state one function of the tissue.
43. List two points of differences between parenchyma and sclerenchyma .
44. Name the simple permanent tissue which (i) forms the basic packing tissue (ii) provides flexibility in plants.
45. Mention four characteristics feature of the cells of meristematic tissue.
46. What is apical meristem? Where it is located? State its function
47. How does the bone matrix differ from the matrix of cartilage?
48.Name the tissue which helps in transportation of oxygen that we inhale to various parts of our body. Write the composition of this tissue.
49. Water hyacinth plant floats on water surface. Name the tissue and its type due to which it is possible and also explain the special feature of this tissue that help in this.
50.Name the following tissue
(a) The connective tissue found between the skin and muscle
(b) The tissue which connects two bones
(c) The epithelial tissue which forms the lining of the kidney tubules
(d) The tissue which is present in the veins of leaves.
51. Growth in plant is restricted to certain regions. Give reason for this fact. Mention two growth in plants.
52. Identify the type of tissues in the following
(a) Vascular bundle (b) Inner lining of the intestine (c) Lining of kidney tubules (d) Iris of the eye
(e) Muscles of the heart (f) Bronchi of the lungs.
53. Draw a labelled diagram of the basic unit of nervous tissue .State the role of epidermis in plants.
54.State the difference between tendon and ligament.
55.(i) Name the following (a) tissue that connect muscles to Bone (b) tissues that store fat in our body (c) tissues that transport food in plants (d) tissues that provides flexibility in plants.
(ii) List the role of cork in plants.
56. Label the following and give one function of each part labeled a , b ,c
Tissue "A" cells are filled with a fat globules and the tissues act as an insulator
Tissue "B" has cylindrical branched cells and the tissues shows the rhythmic contraction and relaxation through life.
58. Write three distinguishes features between cells of meristematic and permanent plant tissue.
59. Mention three characteristics feature and three functions of xylem.
60. Explain in brief any three rolls of epidermis in plants.
61. Name any three connective tissue. Give any one function of each.
62. Explain how the bark of tree is formed? How does it act as a protective tissue .
63.Draw a diagram of cardiac muscle and level any two parts..Write one main function of cardiac muscle
65.State one point of difference between xylem and phloem. Draw a neat diagram of xylem vessel and tracheid.
66.Wight the difference between striated muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscles on the basis of their shape and the number of nuclei.
67. Make a labeled diagram to highlight to difference between striated and cardiac muscles .Write one function of striated muscles in our body .
68. What are the small pores observed in the epidermis of the leaf called .Write it's two main functions.
69. Give reasons for the following:
(a) bark of a tree is impervious two gases and water (b) in desert plants epidermis has a thick waxy coating(c) epidermal cells of the root generally have hair like parts.
70.Identify the simple permanent plant tissue with the following description and also mention their location in the plant body. (a) cells have irregular wall thickenings (b) tissues with large inter cellular space and cells having large air cavity (c) cells are long narrow and dead in nature.
71. Draw a labeled diagram of longitudinal section of sclerenchyma. Name any two reasons in the plant where this tissue is present.
72. Give reason for the following: (a) Cells of sclerenchyma have an narrow lumen.
(b) Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity. (c) I.t is difficult to pull out the husk of coconut .
73.Uma started walking fast when she noticed that some unknown faces are following her. Name the two types of tissues which facilitated the movement of her legs bones in response to the stimulus. 74.Draw the diagram of any one of the above mentioned two tissues and level any two parts.
75. Identify the type of muscular tissue having following characteristics
(a) Cylindrical branched and uni nucleated. (b) Long with pointed ends and uni nucleated (c) long cylindrical, unbranched and multi nucleated.
76. Name the type of epithelial tissues that lines the following :
(a) Oesophagus (b) Respiratory tract (c) Kidney tubules (d) Inner lining of intestine. (e) Blood vessels (f) Ducts are saliva glands
77. Explain the process of differentiation. Identify the given tissue in the diagram given below. State any three characteristics feature of the same.
BILOGICAL DIVERSITY
1.State two ways of classifying plants and animals into different categories.
2.(i) Name the plants having seeds with two cotyledons.
.(ii) Name the type of circulatory system in arthropods.
3.Write one point of difference each between the following:
(i) Porifera and Coelenterata
(ii) Birds and Reptiles.
4.List any three different features of whale and fish.
5.To which class of animalia does the housefly belong? Mention any three characteristics feature of this class of animal. Give two other examples of this class of animal.
6. Write any two differences between cryptogames and phaneroames.
7. (a) Given below arefew plant spieces,
Identified the division to which they belong and write one major characteristics of the division.
(i) Spyrogyra (ii) deodar (iii) moss.
(b) What is the mode of nutrition for all of them ?
8. The following is a list of invertebrates. Classified them into different phyla giving one characteristic morphological feature to justify your classification ?
(a) Starfish (b) Nereis
(c) Housefly (d) Sycon
(e) Planaria.
9.Mention any two similarities and one difference in body design of animals belonging to Annelida and Arthropods. Give two examples each of animals belonging to these two classes.
10.(a) Identify the organisms. Name the phylum to Which this organism belongs. Write any two characteristic feature of the phylum.
(b)Pick up the old one out and justify your choice by giving regions. Crocodile Salamander Sparrow Bat.
(c) Write the common name for a Ascaries ,Wuchereia.
11. Draw the flow chart for classification of Kingdom plantae right suitable examples of each group.
12.(a) Which organism is more complex and evilved among bacteria, mushroom and mango tree.Give reasons.
(b)List out three common feature in cat, rat and bat.
13. (a) What is coelom. State its significance.
(b) pick of the organisms that have a pseudocoelom from the following:
Earthworm, pinworms, tape-worm and roundworms.
(c) What is peculiar about the column of arthropods? What is such a condition called? Explain.
(d) To which phylum of animals where do the following Animalia belong to
octopus, pila, chiton and unio? Comment on their coelom.
14. (a) Differentiate between fungi and plantae.
(b) Mention the basis of classification among plants to different levels.
(c) Differenc between Amphibians and Reptiles.
(d) Aves and Mammals.
15. Name the five classes of vertebrates,compare any two on the basis of their: (i)Habit (ii) Covering of skin (iii) Respiratory organs (iv) Chamber of heart (v)Reproduction.
16. (a)State two feature of Amphibians.
(b) Identify the following organisms:
(i) cold blooded animals that lay eggs in water and have three-chambered heart
(ii) spiny skinned organisms which have a peculiar water driven tube system that they use for moving around.
(iii) Organisms which have an open circulatory system having blood filled coelomic cavity.
17.(a) State two characteristics features of vertebrates
(b) State reasons for each of the following statements;
(i) Ekdina and platypus lay egg but considered as mammals
(ii) Forelimbs of birds are modified
(iii) Crocodiles have four-chambered heart but are still reptiles.
(iv) Birds have pneumatic bones.
18. Why do we keep both snake and turtle in the same class?
19. Name the largest group of animals. Write the salient features of this group. Give two examples.
20. Differentiat between Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.
21. Classify following organisms on the based on presence of two coelom.
22. Draw diagram of hydra and label the following parts: Tentacles, Stinging cells, Gastrovascular cavity, Epidermis .
23. Write the four features of pteridophyta and give any two examples.
24. Write the names of the kingdom's for the following organisms:
(a) Single celled , eukaryotic and photosynthetic
(b) Multicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic
(c) Single celled, prokaryotic and heterotrophic.
25. "Tapeworm is triploblastic". What does it mean? How is hydra different from tapeworm in this aspect? Name the phylum to which hydra and tapeworm belong to?
26. Write one characteristics feature of each of the following:
(i) Cryptogam (ii) Arthropoda (iii) Mammals.
27. (i) What is the function of notochord?
(ii) List out any four features that all chordates will possess.
29. Write three differences between animals belonging to Aves group and those in Mammals group .
30. (a) Write two distinct features by which vertebrates are differentiated from invertebrates.
(b) What are photochordates? Give two examples.
31. Write four characteristics of monerans.
Blue-green algae have been included under the Kingdom monera not under plantae. Why?
32. How are pteridophytes different from phanerogames? Give example for each group.
33. You are given leech, Neries, Prawn and Scorpion and all have segmented body organizations. Give the important characters based on which you separate these organisms into different groups.
34. Write two examples of each:
(a) egg-laying mammals
(b) organisms with open circulatory system (c) prokaryotic organisms.
35. Write two examples of organisms belonging to the given phylum
(a) nematoda
(b) platyhelminthes
(c) arthropoda
36. What is the system of scientific naming of organisms called ? State two important conventions followed while giving such names.
37. State two reasons for the following:
(a) Fungi are called saprophytes.
(b) Platyhelminthes are called so.
(c) Birds have hollow bones
38. To which group in the hierarchy of classification saprophytes belong? Why are they called saprophytes ? Ehat is meant by symbiotic relationship ? Give an example .
39. Distinguish between
(a) Monera and protista on the basis of nucleus
(b) Fungi and plantae on the basis of mode of nutrition.
(c) Gymnosperm and angiosperm on the basis of seeds.
40. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Spyrogyra and label the following parts:
(a) Outermost layer of the cell organelles that performs the function of photosynthesis
(b) jelly like substance in the cell where all organelles are suspended.
(c) Darkly colored and dot like structures generally present in the center of the cell.
40. Classify the following and write one characteristics of each
(a) Lichen (b) Sponges (c) Flatworm .
41. State reasons for the following:
(a) Protists have appendages like cilia and flagella.
(b) Angiosperm are called so
(c) Fish have scales on their body.
42. Name the phylum to which Spring skinned organisms like starfish and sea urchins belong to. Write two characteristics of this phylum which are peculiar of this group?
43. Write any three criteria on the basis of which organisms are grouped into five Kingdoms.
44. Write one difference between each of the following
(a) Echinodarmata and chordata.
(b) Amphibia and Pisces.
(c) Gymnosperm and Angiosperm.
45. Lichen show symbiotic life from between two organisms
(a) Name the two organisms showing this relationship
(b) Write the kingdoms to which each one of them belongs to.
(c) In such a relationship, organisms are parasitic or mutually benefited from each other or mutually dependent on another organism. "Explain".
46. Name the phylum to which the following organisms belong :
(a) Organisms which have peculiar water driven tube system that they use for moving around.
(b) Organisms which have a foot that is used for moving around and have an open circulatory system.
(c) These organisms have holes or poles all over the body. These lead to canel system that helps in circulating water throughout the body.
47. Identify and name the following:
(a) Organisms that use dead and decaying organic organic material as food
(b) Cell walls of fungi are made up of this special type of sugar.
(c) Kingdom to which animal belongs
(d) An example of a moneran and an animal with the pseudocoelom
(e) A group which has an open circulatory system
48.(a) Draw a well labeled diagram of paramecium.(b) Name the kingdom to which it belongs.
49. Snails are soft bodies shelter animal. Identify the phylum to which it belongs . Write any two distinguishing features of this phylum.
49. Write two characteristic feature of phylum to which Ascaris belongs.Name the parasitic worm causing elephantiasis.
50. What is the difference between phylum platyhelminthes and nematoda?
51.(a)Name the Kingdom to which protozoa belong.(b) Name the appaendages presents for movement in the following organisms: )(i) Euglena (ii) Paramecium.(c) Write one importance characteristics of that kingdom.
52. Give other name of to the category of plants that are called phanerogams. How are they further classified on the basis of their seeds. Give example from each category.
53. How does an Angiosperm differ from a gymnosperm with respect to its reproductive structure. Give an example of organism belonging to each one of these two classes.
54. To which class do Salamander and sparrow belong ? Write any two difference between these classes.
55. What do you understand by the term'naked embryo'? Name any two divisions in kingdom 'Plantae' that have naked embryo.Write the example of each division
56. Name the scientist who introduced the binomial nomenclature .
(a) What is the scientific name of humans?
(b) Find the odd one out : Riccia , Funaria, Fern, Marchantia.
57. State the appropriate term of the following:
(i) Plants which beer seeds with two cotyledons (ii) Animals which do not have coelom (iii)edible fungi.
58.(a) On what basis does the embryo of cryptogam differ from that of phanerogam? (b) Describe the feature that divides the angiosperms into two groups. (c) State that two subgroups of angiosperm.
59. List the basic criteria for classifying the plantae into various groups.Identify the following specimen given and write its characteristic features.
60. Give the reasons for the following
(i) Echinodna and platypus lay egg but are considered as mammals.
(ii) Crocodile has four-chambered heart but still a reptile.
(iii) Birds have pneumatic bones.
HEALTH AND DISEASE
1.Influenza or common cold spreads faster and is difficult to control. Why?
2.State two different ways by which infectious diseases spread.
3.What is an antibiotic? Give one example.
4.Name the causal organism of AIDS. Why a person suffering from its, cannot fight even very minor infections?
5."Community Health" is essential for good individual health. Justify this statement giving examples.
6. With the help of an example explain how disease-causing microbes spread through air ?
7. Which of the following disease will cause major ill effects on General Health- Elephantasis ,Cough and Cold, Tuberculosis, and Diarrhea. What are such disease called ?
8. AIDS is a fatal disease, Explain why?
9. Health workers are exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Write any for preventive measures they take to avoid sickness.
10. How can we prevent water born and vector-borne infections ?
11. What are communicable disease ? write it's one example. How do diseases spread
12. What are vectors ? Give two examples ?
13.Write two examples of each:
(a) Viral disease (b) Bacterial disease
14. Chances of spreading of cholera are higher in a village. Give reason.
15. Although Archana has been suffering from a cold and cough she decided to appear for her class test. Classmates seated close to her hand and exposure to the infection being carried by Archana. However only one of them actually suffered from cold and cough. Explain what prevented rest of those classmates catching cold and cough in spite of their exposure to the infection.
16. List for diseases for which vaccines have been developed.
17. (a) Name a worm which is found in our large intestine (b) Name the bacteria which can cause acne (c) Which one is responsible for sleeping sickness (d) Which disease is caused by the protozoan leishmania.
18.The immune system of a person is damaged by the attack of pathogen in his body.
(a) Name the disease he is suffering from (b) Name the pathogame and any to make modes of its transmission.
19. State any four ways by which and AIDS virus spread from an infected person to a healthy person.
20. State in tabular form the modes of transmission of each of the following disease:
(a) Syphilis (b) Tuberculosis (c) Jaundice (d) Japanese encephalitis.
21. 'Being disease free is not the same as being healthy' Explain the statement given an example.
22. What causes encephalitis ? How does it enter the body? Which organ does it infect? What are the symptoms in this organ is infected?
23. (a) How do children in many parts of India get immune to Hepatitis 'A' by the time they are five year old?
(b) Pinky suffered from chicken pox last month. Her grandmother told her that now she would not suffer from this disease again . What is the reason for such a saying ?
24. What is immunization . List to disease against which vaccines are available
25.List four preventive measures against communicable diseases.
26. (a) What are vectors ? (b) In many species of mosquitoes the male do not prefer human blood ,but females do. State why?
27. Write any one biochemical pathway in bacteria that is blocked by the antibiotics like penicillin.
28. Why is it difficult to make antiviral drugs?
29. Explain how individual health depends on social and mental well-being.
30. List any two ways of preventing the spread of Air borne diseases.
31. List any four essential factors that must be taken care of by an individual for keeping good health.
32. Making antiviral medicines is harder than making antibacterial medicine.Justify the statement.
33. Penicillin is not effective against common cold why?
34. Which disease is more harmful : acute or chronic disease ? Why are we advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick?
35. Write differences between acute and chronic diseases. Pick out chronic disease from the list given below: Japanese Encephalitis, viral fever, common cold, tuberculosis.
36. Write the symptoms when the following organs are targeted by microbes:
(a) Lungs (b) Liver (c) Brain
37. Same drug does not work against the microbes belonging to different groups. Why? State the mechanism of antibiotics in killing bacteria.
38. (a) State the principle of immunization. Name two diseases from which vaccine is available.
(b) Mention two basic principles of preventing of infectious diseases.
39. State the reasons for the following statements
(a) Children at the time of birth must be given proper vaccination (b) A person suffering from disease like tuberculosis , flu should be advised to avoid close public contact.(c) Personal hygiene is very essential for good health.
40. (a) While going abroad, why is it essential to get vaccinated against certain disease?
(b) Name of vaccine which saves the life of babies from three diseases. (c) A person is suffering from chest pain, breathlessness, loss of body weight, persistent cough and produces blood Stained sputum. Name the disease.
41. Write three precaution you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious disease.
42. (a) State the method of transmission of each of the following disease
(i) Cholera (ii) Malaria (iii) Pneumonia (iv) AIDS.
(b) Name the disease a person will get if the disease causing microbes target the liver of a person.
43. Differentiate between infectious and non-infectious disease. Give two examples of each.
44. Explain when a disease categories as a communicable disease. Give two examples for each of disease communicated through (i) air and (ii) water.
45. (a) If penicillin is given to a person suffering from jaundice, it does not have any effect on the infection. Why?
(b) Name a disease which has been eradicated from the world (c) State the principle behind its eradication.
46. Antibiotics are successful in curing bacterial infections but do not cure viral infections. Why?
47. A man is suffering from AIDS. (i) He is not able to fight off even minor infection. Why?
(ii) Write any two ways in which he could have got this disease.(iii) Will the treatment by antibiotics help him in AIDS ? Justify your answer.
48. For most microbes the organ they target is related to their point of entry.
(a)Furnish details of your answer under the following headings:
Organ of Entry Kind of microbes Target organ Disease caused
Mouth Bacteria
Mouth Virus.
(b) State the two important ways by which an infectious disease can be treated.
49.(a) State the principles of treatment that are generally followed by a doctor to treat infectious disease. (b) Write two ways by which HIV may get transmitted from one person to the other.
50. State the reason for the following statements:
(a) AIDS is considered to be a syndrome and not a disease. (B) Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. (c) Our surroundings should be free from stagnant water.
51.(a) Which of these is an acute aliment and why? Tuberculosis, Cancer, Diarrhea, Elephantiasis.
(b) State any two internal non-infectious causes of disease. (c) Name the organ that is targeted by the virus that causes jaundice.
52. List the name of three disease caused by virus stating their mode of communication is in each case.
53. Name two diseases caused by each of the following:
(a) Bacteria (b) Virus (c) Fungi
54. (a) What is the basis of principle of immunization ?
(b) Why are majority of the children in many parts of India already immune to Hepatitis - A though. They have never been vaccinated against it?
55. How infectious diseases spread in a community? Write and give causes of diseases with example
56. Name any five different groups of infectious disease and give an example of a disease caused by each of them.
57. Explain giving reasons:
(a) Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body. (b) Health of an organisms depend upon the soundings environmental conditions. (c) Our surroundings area should be free of stagnant water. (d) Social harmony and good economic conditions are necessary for good health.
58. Why do we not use antibiotics against viral disease?
59. Why does the penicillin not effective against the human cell but effective against bacterial cell?
60. During HIV infection virus does not kill the person but other diseases killed them could you explain it?
61. Is the primary cause of marasmus? What is the main cause of infectious disease?
62. Which is the causative organisms of acne?
63. Why HIV is an incurable disease?
64 Who walk out the principal of immunization?
65. Name the causative organism.
66. Which disease is caused by Helicobacter pylori?
67. Why are signs of a disease more important than symptoms?
68. What is the major drawback of principle of treatment?
69. How do children in many parts of India get immune to Hepatitis- A by the time they are 5 years old.
70. Who discovered first vaccine and for which disease ?
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