Quick Review Ch – 16 Management of Resources

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CH – 16 Management of Resources

Class X

Syllabus of Management of natural resources: Conservation and judicious use of natural resources. Forest and wildlife; Coal and Petroleum conservation. Examples of people’s participation in the conservation of natural resources. Big dams: advantages and limitations; alternatives, if any. Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.

1. Ganga Action Plan.- It is a multi-crore project that was created in 1985 due to the poor quality of the water in the Ganga.
2. Coliforms are a group of bacteria found in human intestines due to water contamination by these bacteria.
3. Pollution of Ganga - The Ganges travels 2500 km from Gangotri in the Himalayas to the Ganges Sea in the Bay of Bengal. It then falls into a drain in several towns and cities in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, where garbage and excreta are dumped. Large amounts of sewage and chemicals from industries or factories are dumped into the Ganges every day. Human activities also cause pollution such as washing clothes, bathing animals, and excrement of garbage, ash or unbalanced corpses. Many fish die over a large area of ​​the river due to poisoning.
4. We can adopt the three processes that are reduced, recycle, and reuse to save our environments:
   Reduce: Reduce means less use of resources such as electricity by turning off unnecessary lights and fans, dripping drip, dripping, and shutting off the water tap when it is not used, not wasting food.
   Recycle: This means recycling of materials used from paper, metal objects, plastics, glass to new items. In this process, we need to separate our waste so that the material that can be recycled is not mixed with other non-recycled waste.
   Reuse: This means using things over and over again without wasting any energy like the process of recycling. Examples - plastic bottles, envelopes, bags, etc.
5. How can we make environment-friendly –Wise use of resources can conserve our natural resources, and prevent wastage?
6. Conservation of natural resources like a forest- This is done by the method of afforestation (Forest Festival is a plantation movement), deforestation (forests in the area that have been damaged or cleared), segregation of commercial forestry (plants required by the industry must be planted separately) and grazing (Grass should be regulated in feeding ground).
7. Why do we need to use our resources carefully -Resources are limited and as the human population increases at a high rate, demand for all resources is increasing. Therefore, the management of natural resources requires maintaining an ecological balance, so that these will remain for the next generations, and resources can be distributed equally to all so that all the rich and poor can benefit from the development of those resources. If the management is not proper we exploit these natural resources and when these resources are either extracted or used, then it causes pollution of mining because to extract large amounts of slag metal during mining Is omitted. Therefore, we should also plan for the safe disposal of these wastes.
8. The biodiversity of an area is the number of species, the genetic and ecosystem levels are found there. Various life forms such as bacteria, fungi, ferns, flowering plants, nematodes, insects, birds, reptiles, etc. exist.
9. The biodiversity hotspot is a biologically rich region worldwide that is a storehouse of biodiversity and is threatened with destroying the loss of ecological stability.
10. Stakeholders - An organization that has an interest in something and can be influenced by the organizations and is:
    
    Local people who live in or around the forests are dependent on forest products for various needs.
    
    Some industrialists who use various forest products, but are not dependent on forests in any one area.
    
    Wildlife and nature fanatical person who is very keen to preserve nature in its entirety.
    
    The government's forest department that owns the land and controls resources from forests.
11. National Award for Wildlife Conservation - In 1731, Amrita Devi Bishnoi sacrificed her life along with 363 others for the preservation of Khejri trees in Khejrali village near Jodhpur, Rajasthan. In memory of Amrita Devi Bishnoi, the Government of India has recently instituted the 'Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award for Wildlife Conservation'.
12. Chipko Andonal - The Chipko Andolan (‘Hug the Trees Movement’) was the forest conservation movement in India which is nonviolent social and ecological. This movement originated from a remote village called Reni in Garhwal. It began in the 1970s in Uttarakhand by rural villagers particularly women in India, for protecting trees and forest slated for government-backed logging then a part of Uttar Pradesh and went on to become a rallying point for many future environmental movements all over the world.
13. The importance of water as a resource - Water is a basic requirement for us to meet the terrestrial needs of life. Irrigation and industries require large amounts of water.
14. According to the daily needs of water of local people and agriculture- Dams, canals, and tanks have been used in various places in India since ancient times. These were managed by the local people and the basic minimum requirements for agriculture and daily needs were met throughout the year. The use of stored water was properly regulated and maintained.
15. Silviculture - A large program has been started to replenish the forests by growing more and more trees called silviculture.
16. Dams - Dams are large water bodies built by government agencies across rivers to regulate water flow and generate electricity.
    
    The advantages of dams are as follows:
    
    ii. They provide a sufficient amount of water for irrigation through a canal.
    
    iv. Water from the dams is used to generate electricity.
    
    v. They provide continuous water supply
    
    vi. Dam water can transfer large amounts of water over large distances.
17. The Indira Gandhi Canal is the largest dam in Rajasthan, bringing greenery to the regions of Rajasthan. Some people may benefit due to the mismanagement of water. There is no uniform distribution of water.
18. Problems caused by the construction of large dams are as follows-
    Due to the construction of high-rise dams,
    A large area of ​​land is submerged underwater resulting in a large number of people displaced.
    It causes environmental problems, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity.
    This causes economic problems because they consume huge amounts of public money without any profit.
19. Rain Water harvesting - The collected rainwater can be stored. Water harvesting means understanding the value of rainfall, and making maximum use of rainwater at the place where it falls. It is a collection capture activity, and storage of rainwater and surface runoff for direct use or in groundwater can be recharged or other bodies can be filled.
20. The benefits of water harvesting:
    
    It provides water availability.
    
    It reduces flooding during the rainy season.
    
    Groundwater is recharged regularly.
    
    It helps in producing secondary resources of plants.
    
    This helps in increasing the production and income of the watershed community.
    
    It reduces floods and droughts.
21. The advantages of water stored in the ground are -
    
    It does not evaporate, but recharges wells and provides moisture to the ground for vegetation.
    
    It helps reduce reproduction for mosquitoes.
    
    Groundwater is free from contamination by human and animal waste.
22. Water harvesting the ancient water harvesting in India are –
    Khadins, tanks, and Nadis - in Rajasthan,
    Bandharas and Tals - in Maharashtra,
    Bundhis - in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh,
    Ahars and Pynes - in Bihar,
    Kulhs - in Himachal Pradesh,
    Ponds-  in the Kandi belt of Jammu region,
    Eris tanks - in Tamil Nadu,
    Surangams - in Kerala, and
    Kattas -  in Karnataka.
23. Coal and petroleum-  Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels, which are important sources of energy for us. Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been using increasing amounts of energy to meet our basic needs and to manufacture a large number of goods on which their lives depend. These energy needs are largely met by coal and petroleum reserves and these are nonrenewable sources. We have to look for alternative sources of energy. 
24.  Pollution – When fossil fuels such as coal, diesel, and petroleum are burned, combustion produces carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, and if combustion is in insufficient supply of oxygen, some carbon monoxide is also produced and All harmful and polluted environments.
25. Alternative use of energy sources can change our energy consumption patterns by thinking about the relative advantages, disadvantages, and eco-friendliness of the following -
    
    Walking and cycling instead of using a bus or personal vehicle.
    
    Using fluorescent tubes in our homes instead of bulbs.
    
    Using stairs instead of elevators.
    
    Wearing an extra sweater on cold days instead of using heaters.