Class X Solution of Management of Natural Resources

I. Very short answer type questions: 

1. Name the group of Bacteria that contain the contamination of water.
   Ans. A Coliform is a group of bacteria that contain the contamination of water.
2. What is Coliform?
   Ans. A Coliform is a group of bacteria that contain disease-causing microorganisms and they are found in human intestines.
3. List two measures that you would suggest for the better management of water resources.
   Ans. Two measures that you would suggest for the better management of water resources are the use of water harvesting techniques to manage water resources and over-exploitation of these resources is reduced or removed.
4. List two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level.
   Ans. The advantages of water stored in the ground are: It does not provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes and the ground-water is also relatively protected from contamination by human and animal waste.
5. Water is a valuable resource. List two way's that you would suggest every family member save this resource.
   Ans. Two ways to save the water are : (i) Reduce:  by repairing leaky taps and (ii) Recycle-Water is a renewable resource,  therefore sewage water can be treated in the sewage treatment plants and can be re-utilized.
6. What measure would you take to conserve electricity in your house?
   Ans.  To save electricity we should be switching off unnecessary lights and fans and use fluorescent bulbs and tubes in our house.
7. How does mining cause environmental pollution?
   Ans. Mining causes environmental pollution because of the large amount of slag which is discarded for every tonne of metal extracted.
8. Although coal and petroleum were produced by the degradation of biomass, yet we need to conserve them. Why?
   Ans. Coal and petroleum were produced by the degradation of bio-mass millions of years ago and hence these are resources that will be exhausted in the future. So we need to conserve them and would need to look for an alternative.
9. State the places that are referred to as biodiversity hotspots.
   Ans. Forests are the places that are referred to as ‘biodiversity hot spots’. One measure of the biodiversity of an area is the number of species found there.
10. Suggest a few measures for controlling carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
    Ans. When fossil fuels such as coal, diesel, and petroleum are burned, combustion produces carbon dioxide, we should use CNG, solar energy, use devices in vehicles that remove carbon dioxide from the smoke. 
11. Mention one reason for discontentment among the people who have been displaced by buildings dams.
    Ans. The one reason is environmental problems because they contribute enormously to deforestation and the loss of biological diversity.
12. Name the tree for which Amrita Devi Bishnoi and others sacrificed their lives.
    Ans. Amrita Devi Bishnoi and others sacrificed their lives for the tree ‘khejri’ in Khejrali village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan. 
13. State one reason for the conservation of forest and wildlife.
    Ans. The conservation of forests and wildlife is important to restore the ecological balance and maintenance of biodiversity.
14. List two items that can be easily recycled but we generally show them in the dustbin.
    Ans. Glass and metal items can be recycled.
15. Give one example each from your daily life where the household waste can be effectively reused and recycle respectively.
    Ans. The household waste such as plastic and metal items can be effectively recycled and reused. 
16. How can we help in reducing the problems of waste disposal? List any two ways.
    Ans. We should segregate our wastes so that the material that can be recycled is not dumped along with other wastes and instead of throwing away used envelopes, plastic bottles, tin cans, we can reverse it and use it again.
17. When the great Himalayan National Park was formed, the practice of grazing by sheep in summer was put to an end. What was the impact of stopping his practice?
    Ans. When the great Himalayan National Park was formed, the practice of grazing by sheep in summer was put to an end because without the regular grazing by sheep, the grass first grows very tall, and then falls over preventing fresh growth.  
18. What is a watershed management system?
    Ans. Watershed management is a system for soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production.
19. List two benefits derived by the communities that participate in the watershed management system.
    Ans. Watershed management increases the production and income of the watershed community and mitigates droughts, floods.
20. "We need to manage our resources" List two reasons to justify this statement. 

    Ans. We need to manage our resources because these are not unlimited and due to an increase in the human population, the demand for all resources are increasing at an exponential rate.
21. List two causes of pollution of river Ganga. 
    Ans. Many towns such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal that pour their garbage and excreta into it and human activities like bathing, washing of clothes, and immersion of ashes or unburnt corpses.
22. Name the dam on the river Narmada, whose height the Government wanted to raise.
    Ans.  The Government wanted to raise the height of the Sarovar dam on the river  Narmada.

II. Short answer type questions: 

1. What is water harvesting? How can this technique help in the conservation of water?
   Ans. Water harvesting is a water-saving method to capture rainwater when it falls and the measures are taken to clean it. Rainwater can be reserved by making watershed systems, built small earthen dams, set up rooftop water-collecting units, constructed reservoirs.
   It does not evaporate, it recharges groundwater. It does not provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The ground-water is also relatively protected from contamination by human and animal waste.
2. What is meant by biodiversity? List two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife.
   Ans.  Biodiversity is an area where many species are found. 
   Two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife are:
   (i) It is important to restore the ecological balance and maintenance of biodiversity.
   (ii) Plantations for conserving forests and wildlife are useful for the industries to access specific products and are an important source of revenue for the Forest Department.
3. Diagrammatically represent the khadin system of water harvesting.
   Ans. 
4. Affluent lifestyle has a negative effect on the environment. Justify this statement with the help of examples.
   Ans. We generally use the bus or personal vehicles to travel short distances instead of walking or cycling and we use the heater in winter instead of wearing sweaters which causes a negative effect on the environment.
5. Why do we seek the construction of dams? Mention any two problems faced with the construction of large dams. Suggest a solution to this problem.
   Ans. Dams are constructed to store large quantities of water for irrigation and for generating electricity. Canal systems of these dams can transfer large amounts of water great distances.
   Two problems faced with the construction of large dams are:
   (i) Economic problems  (ii) Environmental problems.
6. State the main purpose of the water harvesting system and also mention the source which fills the pond behind harvesting structures.
   Ans. The main purpose of the water harvesting system is to recharge the groundwater and wells to reduce the wastage and shortage of groundwater. 
   Rainwater is the source that fills the pond behind harvesting structures.
7. List four disadvantages of burning fossil fuels.
   Ans. Four disadvantages of burning fossil fuels are: 
   (i) Burning fossil fuels produces harmful gases that pollute the air.
   (ii) It creates a greenhouse effect and increases global warming due to the release of carbon dioxide gases.
   (iii) It causes acid rain due to the release of oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
   (iv) A wide area of land is distracted due to the mining of coal.
8. Every one of us can do something to reduce the consumption of various natural resources. List four such activities based on the 3- R approach.
   Ans.  Four such activities based on the 3- R approach are:
   (i) By switching off unnecessary lights and fans. 
   (ii)  By repairing leaky taps. 
   (iii) We should not waste food, and
   (iv) We have to look for alternative sources of energy.
9. What is the role of wildlife and nature enthusiasts as a stakeholder with reference to forests?
   Ans. The wildlife and nature enthusiasts conserve nature because of the forest gives many things such as large quantities of firewood for local people, bamboo for making huts and baskets for collecting and storing food materials, fruits, nuts, medicines, area for grazing for their cattle, etc.
10. Why do we need alternative sources of energy ? Give two reasons.
    Ans.  Two reasons are :
    (i) Fossil fuels are nonrenewable sources. Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been using increasing amounts of energy to meet our basic needs and due to this, their reserves are ending fast. 
    (ii) The CO₂ obtained from burning fossil fuels is leading to a greenhouse effect leading to global warming. 
    So we have to look for alternative sources of energy that can change our energy consumption patterns.
11. Mention the steps taken by the West Bengal government to protect badly degraded Sal forest?
    Ans. A forest officer, A.K. Banerjee, villagers were involved in the protection of 1,272 hectares of badly degraded sal forest. In return for help in protection, villagers were given employment in both silviculture and harvesting operations, 25 percent of the final harvest, and allowed fuelwood and fodder collection on payment of a nominal fee. With the active and willing participation of the local community, the sal forests of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery – by 1983, a previously worthless forest was valued Rs 12.5 crores.
12. List four advantages of water stored in the ground. 
    Ans. Four advantages are :
    (i) It provides water availability.
    (ii) It recharges wells and provides moisture to the ground for vegetation.
    (iii) It helps to reduce reproduction for mosquitoes.
    (iv) Groundwater is free from contamination by human and animal waste.
13. List four stakeholders of forests.
    Ans. Four stakeholders of forests are :
    (i) Local people who live in or around the forests are dependent on forest products for various needs.
    (ii) Some industrialists who use various forest products, but are not dependent on forests in any one area.
    (iii) Wildlife and nature fanatical person who is very keen to preserve nature in its entirety.
    (iv) The government's forest department that owns the land and controls resources from forests.
14. What is the Chipko Movement?
    Ans. The Chipko Andolan or ‘Hug the Trees Movement’ is the forest conservation movement that leads to a change in policies to stop the clearcutting of trees in some regions. The movement originated from an incident in a remote village called Reni in Garhwal, high-up in the Himalayas during the early 1970s. 
15. List any two measures you would take to conserve electricity at your house so that the consumption of fossil fuel is reduced.
    Ans. Two measures we would take to conserve electricity at our house so that the consumption of fossil fuel is reduced are: 
    (i) By switching off unnecessary lights and fans we save electricity,
    (ii) By using tube lights or CFLs rather than bulbs.
16. Why forests are considered biodiversity hotspots? What would happen due to the loss of biodiversity?
    Ans. Forests are the places where different species of plants, animals, and all other sorts of living organisms live here and they threatened by human habitation so forests are considered biodiversity hotspots.
    An imbalance of ecology creates due to the loss of biodiversity
17. List two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level. 
    Ans. Two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level are:
    (i) Mitigates floods and droughts.
    (ii) Recharges groundwater.
18. Narmada Bachao Andolan raised issues of how the construction of big dams creates environmental problems? Discussed two such issues.
    Ans. Two issues are:
    (i) Social Issues - They displace large numbers of people mainly tribals and peasants without adequate compensation. 
    (ii)  Environmental issues - deforestation, flooding, and loss of biological diversity.
19. Why must we conserve our forest?
    Ans.  Forest gives many things such as large quantities of firewood for local people, bamboo for making huts and baskets for collecting and storing food materials, fruits, nuts, medicines, area for grazing for their cattle, etc.
20. List any three causes of deforestation.
    Ans. Three causes of deforestation are:
    (i) dam construction
    (ii) infrastructure development
    (iii) expansion of agriculture.
21. What are the advantages of watershed Management? 
    Ans. The advantages of watershed management are:
    (i) Watershed management increases the production and income of the watershed community,
    (ii) It mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs. 
22. Name any two ancient water harvesting structures for each of the following states. (i) Rajasthan (ii) Maharashtra (iii) Bihar.
    Ans. (i)  Khadins, and Tanks in Rajasthan
    (ii) Kohli tanks and Bhanadharas in Maharashtra
    (iii) Ahars and pynes in Bihar.
23. Name four main components of coal and petroleum. List the benefits with the Chipko movement brought for the local population. 
    Ans. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur are the four components of coal and petroleum.
    Benefits with the Chipko Movements:
    1. The people used to hug the trees to prevent them from cutting down. 
    2. It helps local traditions, culture, and environmental protection as the people could get basic necessities from the forest such as shelter and food for the castles.
24. List any two causes for the failure of the suspended availability of groundwater.
    Ans. Two causes for the failure of the suspended availability of groundwater are:
    (i) Failure of restoring groundwater level due to deforestation,
    (ii) Soil erosion and loss of vegetation cover.
25. Name any two fossil fuels. Why are they so-called?  
    Ans. Coal and petroleum are two fossil fuels.
    When plants and animals died, they decomposed and were buried, layer upon layer under the ground. Their decomposed remains gradually changed over the years and changed into a fossil. Fossil fuels are called so because they have been derived from fossils.
26. Why is reusing even better than recycling? List any two reasons.
    Ans. Reusing even better than recycling because the process of recycling uses some energy. In the reuse method, we use things again and again. 
    i. Instead of throwing away used envelopes, we can reverse it and use it again. 
    ii. The plastic bottles of various food-items like jam or pickle can be reused for storing other things in the kitchen.

III. Long answer type questions: 

1. Mention the role of forest in conserving the environment. How does the forest get depleted? 
   Ans. Three roles of forest in conserving the environment are -
   (i) By providing forest product,
   (ii) By preserving the biodiversity, and 
   (iii) Releasing oxygen and maintenance the balance of CO₂.
   Forest get depleted by:
   (i) increase in population and destroying a large amount of biodiversity in the area.
   (ii) clearing the forest to plant the trees of pine, teak, or eucalyptus.
2. Why are the Arabari forests of Bengal known to be a good example of the conserved forest?

   Ans. A forest officer A.K. Banerjee involved the villagers of the area around the forest in the conservation of 1272 hectares of badly degraded sal forest. In return for help in protecting the forest, the villagers were given employment in both silviculture and harvesting operations of the forest, 25 percent of the final product, and were allowed to collect firewood and fodder from the forest area on a nominal payment. With the active and willing participation of local people living around the forest, the degraded sal forest of Arabari became thick and green with ten years. Thus the Arabari forests of West Bengal are known to be a good example of the conserved forest.
3. Give any three examples of human activities leading to the destruction of forests.
   Ans. Three examples of human activities leading to the destruction of forests are:
   (i) Cutting of trees of the forest for fulfilling their needs, such as falling off a large number of trees for furniture.
   (ii) Destroying biodiversity and clearing of all vegetation to plant the trees such as pine, teak or eucalyptus, and 
   (iii) Clearing of forest land for agriculture, and the building of roads.
4. What is the importance of the forest as a resource?
   Ans. Forest provides a large number of firewoods for local people, small timber and thatch,
   (i) It provides bamboo to make slats for huts, and baskets for collecting and storing food materials.
   (ii) It provides wood to make implements for agriculture, fishing, and hunting.
   (iii) It provides fruits, nuts, and medicines, 
   
   (iv) Cattle also graze in forest areas or feed on other fodder which is collected from forests.  
5. Why is the sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Which one out of reuse and recycle would you suggest to practice and why?

   Ans. Sustainable management of natural resources is necessary because it increases the life of natural non-renewable resources and control environmental pollution. 
   Both reuse and recycle are good choices.
   Reuse: If we reuse something then we can save natural resources. Ex-  You save electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans. You save water by repairing leaky taps.
   Recycle: By this process, we can collect used materials and recycle these materials to make required things instead of synthesizing or extracting fresh materials like plastic, tin, glass, etc.
6. I. What is a fossil fuel? Give two examples. 
   II. Suggest a few useful ways of utilizing wastewater.
   Ans.  I. When plants and animals died, they decomposed and were buried, layer upon layer under the ground. Their decomposed remains gradually changed over the years and changed into a fossil. Fuels obtained from these fuels are called fossils fuels. Coal and petroleum are two fossil fuels.
   II. A few useful ways of utilizing wastewater are:
   (i) Wastewater can be used for irrigation. 
   (ii) It can be used for recharging the groundwater.
   (iii) Pollutants in sewage water can be converted into fertilizer for various crops. 
7. By 1983 what was the value of the previously worthless sal forest in the Arabari forest range of Midnapore District?
   Ans. Arabari Forest Range of Midnapore District is in the West Midnapore district of West Bengal in India. In 1972 conversation efforts began under the guidance of an Indian Forest Service officer Shri Ajit Kumar Banerjee, Divisional Forest Officer by bringing in local people living around the forest boundary through a voluntary participation process. This initiative of greening the forest was brought about by setting up Joint Forest Management committees comprising of the local villagers. The forest which was initially almost worthless became an economic boon to the villagers; the value of the forest area multiplied several times to the tune of 12.5 crores.
8. Prepare a list of five activities that you perform daily in which natural resources can be conserved or energy utilization can be minimized.
   Ans. Five activities that you perform daily in which natural resources can be conserved or energy utilization can be minimized are:
   (iv) Wearing an extra sweater instead of using a heating device such as a heater or sigri on cold days. 
   (iii) Using the stairs instead of lift.
   (ii) Using fluorescent bulbs or fluorescent tubes in homes. 
   (i) Taking a bus, walking, or cycling instead of using personal vehicles.
9. Name the way to capture the rainwater when it rains, store that water above ground or charge the underground and use it later. Write any three negative effects caused by deforestation.
   Ans. Three negative effects caused by deforestation are :
   Water harvesting is the way to capture rainwater when it rains and it is a water-saving method to capture rainwater. Rainwater can be reserved by making watershed systems, built small earthen dams, set up rooftop water-collecting units, constructed reservoirs. The main purpose of the water harvesting system is to recharge the groundwater and wells to reduce the wastage and shortage of groundwater.
   (i) soil erosion, 
   (ii) destruction of biodiversity, and 
   (iii) imbalance of CO₂ and O₂ in the atmosphere.
10. Write any five ways in which the local and tribal are depend on the forest?
    Ans.  Five ways in which the local and tribal are depended on the forest are:
    (i) Local people get a large number of firewoods, small timber, and thatch,
    (ii) They get bamboo to make slats for huts, and baskets for collecting and storing food materials.
    (iii) They get wood to make implements for agriculture, fishing, and hunting.
    (iv) They get fruits, nuts, and medicines, 
    (v) Cattle also graze in forest areas or feed on other fodder which is collected from forests.