CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS 10

   PRACTICE PAPER

SUB: CHEMISTRY (2020)
                                 CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND                                
                

CLASS-X

 I. Very short answer type questions:                           

1. What do you mean by organic chemistry? 
2. Carbon shows unique properties, name them.
3. Explain tetravalency and catenation.
4. What are the allotropes of carbon?
5. Define vital force theory.
6. State two properties of carbon which leads to a huge number of carbon compounds we see around us.
7. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?
8. List two differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. 
9. Write the structure of Buckminsterfullerene.
10.  Both diamond and graphite are formed by carbon atoms, but they have different physical properties. Why?
11. What is an alkyl group?
12. What Is a homologous series? 
13. Write the general formula of alkane, alkene and alkyne. 
14. What is the difference in the molecular mass of any two adjacent homologous?
15. What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two adjacent homologous?
    (i) In terms of molecular mass.
    (ii) In terms of number and kind of atoms Per molecule.
16. Which of the following belong to the same homologous? 
    C₃H₈, C₄H₈, C₄H₆, C₃H₆.
17. Write the name of the following compounds: CH₃CH₂COOH, C₆H_6.
18.  Name the reaction that is commonly used in the conversion of vegetable oil to fats.
19. Write the structural formula of Chloroethane.
20. Name the carbon compound which on heating with an excess of sulphuric acid at 443 K gives ethane.
21. Name the compound formed when ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid in the presence of conc. sulphuric Acid.
22. Write the formula and draw the electron dot structure of carbon tetrachloride.
23. Mention the percentage of carbon in Earth's crust. 
24. Write next to members of the homologous series  C₂H₆ , C₃H₈
25. Write the formula of functional group (i) Aldehyde (ii) Alcohol.
26. The molecular formula of A is C₁₀H₁₈ and B is C₁₈H₃₆ . Name the homologous series to which they belong.
27. An organic compound burns with a sooty flame. Is it a saturated or unsaturated compound? Justify.
28. Draw the electron-dot structure structural formula of 
    (i) Nitrogen molecule. (ii) Ethyne.
29. Write the molecular formula of benzene and state the number of double bonds in its structure.
30. Write the molecular formula of the (i) Hexane (ii) Benzene.
31.  Name an element other than carbon which exhibits the property of catenation upon 7 or 8 atoms. Are these compounds stable?
32. What is the common name of CH₃COOH?
33. Write the two succeeding members of the following homologous series: C₂H₆, C₃H₈.
34.  Complete the reaction. CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃→?
35. What is vinegar? Give its uses.
36. Why does carbon form compounds having low melting and boiling points?
37. Give a chemical test to distinguish between butter and cooking oil.
38. Write the name of the following compounds:
     (i) HCOOH,   (ii) CH₃COCH₂CH_3.
39. Explain why carbon generally forms compounds by a covalent bond.
40. Complete the following reaction: 
    (i) CH₄ + Cl₂^sunlight→ ......+ HCl 
    (ii) CH₃CH₂OH ^{conc.sulphuric acid}→.....+ H2O.
41. What is a functional group?
42. How is scum formed?
43. The molecular formula of a hydrocarbon is C₃H₈ . Draw the structure and write its name.
44. (i) Name the products formed when ethanol burns in air. ‘
    (ii) What two forms of energy are liberated from burning alcohol?
45. How an additional reaction is useful in the vegetable ghee industry?
46. Write the chemical equations for the conversion of ethanol to its ethanoic acid in the presence of KMnO₄.     
47. What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol? 

II. Short Answer Type Questions: 

1. Give at least one example in each case to show the structure of simmers of :
   (a) Single bond compound
   (b) Double bond compound
   (c) Triple bond compound.
2. Name a compound of each type and draw the figure. 
   (a) Cyclic compound with a single bond
   (b) Cyclic compound with a double bond.
   (c) Cyclic compound with a triple bond.
3. Define addition and substitution reaction.
4. Differentiate between addition reactions and substitution reactions shown by hydrocarbons
5. What will be the structure and formula of benzene?
6. What would be observed when adding a 5% alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop to some worm ethanol taken in a test tube. Write the name of the compound formed during the chemical reaction.
7. Name the products formed when ethanoic acid(C₂H₄O₂)reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate(NaHCO₃). How would you prove the presence of this gas?
8. Name the following compound.
        H    H      H     H      H        H
        丨    丨     丨    丨     丨   
   H— C — C —  C — C —  C ☰ C — H
        丨    丨     丨    丨     丨   
        H    H      H     H     H         H
9. A salt X is formed and gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Also, write the chemical equations of the reaction involved.
10. Name the reaction which is commonly used in the conversion of vegetable oil or fats. Explain the reaction involved in detail.
11. Esters are sweet-smelling substances and are used in making perfumes. Suggest some activity and the reaction involved in the preparation of an Ester with a well-labeled diagram.
12. Define structural isomers.Write the structural formula of all the isomers of hexane
13. What are hydrocarbons?
14. Describe the mechanism of cleansing action of soap. 
15. Why does soap not work in hard water?
16. What is meant by saponification? Give an example.
17. An organic compound X reacts with sodium metal to form sodium ethoxide and a gas Y. Identify X & Y. What happens when ethanol is heated at 443 K with conc. H₂SO₄?
18. An organic acid X is a liquid which often freezes during wintertime, in cold countries it has molecular formula C₂H₄O₂. On warming with ethanol in the presence of a few drops of conc.H₂SO₄, a compound with a sweet smell is formed. Identify X and Y. Write chemical equations for the reaction involved..
19. What is a catalyst? Write the chemical equation to represent the hydrogenation of ethene. 
20. Why is it not easy for carbon to take part in the formation of ionic compounds?
21. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
22. What is a homologous series of carbon compounds? Write the molecular formula of two consecutive members of the homologous series of aldehydes. State which part of these compound determines their 
    (i) physical and (ii) chemical properties.
23. List any four differences between soap and detergent.
24. Carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a compound X. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO₄ followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid C₂H₄O₂. Write the name and structure of carboxylic acid alcohol and compound X.
25. What is meant by the homologous series of carbon compounds? Write the general formula of alkenes and alkynes.
26. Draw the structure of the first member of the alkenes and alkynes series to show the bonding between the two carbon atoms.
27. State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to a large number of carbon compounds.
28. Draw the structure of possible isomers of butane C₄H₁₀.
29. Draw the structure of CH₃COOH molecule.
30. Write the structural formula of chloroethane.
31. State the meaning of the functional group in a carbon compound. Write the functional group present in ethanol and ethanoic acid and also draw the structure.
32. State the meaning of the functional group in an organic compound. Write the formula of the functional group present in alcohol, aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid.    
33. What are esters? How they are prepared to use the esters?
34. Write the name and general formula of a chain of hydrocarbons in which addition reactions with hydrogen can take place. Stating the essential conditions required for an addition reaction to occur. Write the chemical equation giving the name of the reactants and the product of the reaction.
35. List any four differences between soap and detergent.
36. Match the reactions given in Column I with the names given in column II. 
    
    Column I

    CH₃OH +CH₃COOH-> CH₃COOH + H₂O

·    CH₂=CH₂ + H₂ ->CH₃ – CH₃ (Ni)

·    CH₅ + Cl₂ -> CH₃Cl + HCl

·   CH₃COOH + NaOH-----> CH₃COONa +H₂O

     Column II

·   Addition reaction

·   Substitution reaction

·   Neutralization reaction

·   Esterification

III. Long Answer Type Questions: 

1. A compound C reacts with any metal to form a compound and evolves a gas that burns with a Pop sound. Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in the presence of an acid forms a sweet-smelling compound S. On addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and water. S on treatment with any NaOH Solutions give back R and A. Identify C, R, A, S and write down the reactions involved.
2. Name the functional group present in.
   (i) CH₃COCH₃ and state the name of this compound.
   ii) CH₃CHO         
   (iii) C₂H₅Cl
   (iv) C₂H₅OH
   (v) C₂H₅COOH.
   (vi) HCOOH
3. Draw the electron-dot structure structural formula of
   (i) Ethane (ii) Ethene (iii) Acetic Acid (iv) Butanone.
4. (i) Why does carbon form a large number of compounds?
   (ii) Why are some carbon compounds saturated and some unsaturated?
   (iii) Which of the two is more reactive?
5. Complete the following:
   (i) CH₃CH₂OH.(conc.H2SO4)→ ?
   (ii) CH₃COOH + KHCO₃ (sunlight) →?
   (iii) CH₃COOC₂H₅⇾ (NaOH) ---------?
   (iv) CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃➝------?
   (v) CH₄ + Cl₂.(sunlight) ➝------?
6. Write the name of the following:
   (a) CH₃CH₂Br,   (b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CHCHCH₃
7. Complete the following reaction:
   (a) CH₃CH₂OH (alkaline KMNO4) → ?    
   (b) 2Na + 2CH₃CH₂OH→ ? + ?
   (c) CH₃COH + CH₃CH₂OH (acid)→ ?
8.  Complete the following equations
   (i) nCH₂ =  CH₂→---------?
   (ii) CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃→ ---?---- +---?---+ --?-----.
9. (a) Write the name of the following:
   CH₃CH₂COOH, CH₃CH₂CH₂Br
   (b) Draw the electron dot structure of an organic compound.
10. Write the name and the structural formula of the compound formed when ethanol is heated at 443 K with an excess of conc.H₂SO₄. State the role of conc. H₂SO₄, in this reaction. Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
11. Inorganic compound A on heating with concentrated H₂SO₄ forms and compounds B which on the addition of one mole of hydrogen in presence of a Ni forms a compound C. One mole of compound C on combustion form two moles of CO₂ and 3 moles of H₂O. Identify the compounds A B and C and write the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
12. Why homologous series of carbon compound so-called? Write the chemical formula of two consecutive members of the homologous series and state the part of this compound that determines their physical properties and chemical properties.
13. Name oxidizing agent used for the conversion of ethanol and ethanoic acid. Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid on the basis of
    (i) litmus test (ii) reaction with sodium carbonate.
14. (i) Differentiate between alkanes and alkenes. Name and draw the structure of one member of each.
    (ii) Alkanes generally burn with a clean flame. Why?
15. How are the following products obtained from ethanol?
    (i)  Ethyl ethanoate. (ii) Sodium ethoxide.
16. (i) Name and draw the chain structure and dot Structure of the first two alkanes.
    (ii) Write the name of the following:
    (a) CH₃CH₂CCH (b) CH₃CH₂OH  (c) CH₃CO CH₃ .
17. With the help of a diagram explain the cleansing action of soap.
    (i) Identify from the following the hydrocarbons that can undergo addition reaction. C₃H₄,  C₂H₆,  CH₄, C₂H₄. Justify your answers.
    (ii) Write the name of the homologous series to which they belong to.
18. An organic compound A of molecular formula C₂H₄ on reduction gives another compound B of molecular formula C₂H₆. B on reaction with chlorine in the presence of sunlight gives C of molecular formula C₂H₅Cl.
19. (i) Name the compound A, B, and C.
    (ii) Write the chemical equations for the conversion of A to B and name the type of reaction.
20. (i) List four characteristics of homologous series.
    (ii) Draw the electron-dot structure of carbon dioxide.
21. What is meant by hydrogenation? With the help of a chemical equation explain the role of these reactions in Industry.
22. Explain why it is difficult to wash clothes with soap when water is hard? How do detergent help in overcoming this problem?
23. Two compounds A & B have the molecular formula C₃H₈ and C₂H₆ respectively. Which one of the two is most likely to show addition reactions? To justify your answer explain with the help of a chemical equation.
24. (i) Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon?
    (ii) Name the products formed when ethanol burned in air? List two forms of energy that are liberated on burning ethanol.
25. Why is the reaction between methane and chlorine considered as a substitution reaction?
26. An organic compound A of molecular formula C₂H₆O on oxidation with dilute alkaline KMNO₄ solution gives an acid B with the same number of carbon atoms. Compound A is often used for sterilization of skin by doctors.
27. (i) Name the compounds A & B.
    (ii) Write a chemical equation involved in the formation of B from A.
28. (i) Write the chemical name and formula of vinegar.
    (ii) Describe chemical equations. What happens when sodium reacts with ethanol?
29. (i) Write chemical names of CH₃ COCH₃ , C₂ H₅ COOH.
    (ii) What happens when acetic acid and ethanol react in presence of conc.H₂SO₄? Write the reaction.
30. List two reactions for carbon forming a large number of compounds. Name the type of bonding found in most of its compounds. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by this kind of bonding?
31. Give reasons why the carbon compounds
    (i) Generally have low melting and boiling points
    (ii) Do not conduct electricity in a molten state.
32. State the reason why carbon can neither form C⁴⁺ cations nor C^4-  anion but forms a covalent compound. Also state the reason to explain why covalent compounds:
    (i) Are bad conductor of electricity
    (ii) Have low melting and boiling points.
33. What is the cause of the hardness of water? Why soap does not form lather in hard water? Mention the disadvantages of cleaning clothes with soap in hard water.
34. Make the structure of methane by showing the sharing of electrons between carbon and hydrogen atoms. How could you convert methane into chloroform by substitution reaction? Explain with the help of chemical reactions.
35. Define the term isomers. Draw two possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula C₃H₆O and write their names. Give the electron dot structure of the above two compounds.
36. Give two examples of covalent compounds that you have studied. State any four properties in which covalent compounds differ from ionic compounds.
37. What is an ester? Describe an activity to form an ester in a school laboratory.
38. An organic compound X on heating with conc. H₂SO₄ forms a compound by which on the addition of one molecule of hydrogen in the presence of nickel forms a compound Z. One molecule of compounds Z on combustion form two molecules of CO₂ and three molecules of H₂O. Identify giving reasons that compound X, Y, and Z. Write the chemical equations for all the chemical reactions involved.
39. What is a homologous series write the formula of the functional group of Ketone and aldehyde?
40. What will happen if ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of an acid? Name the reactions. Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
41. Draw the possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula C₃H₆O and also give their electron dot structures.
42. Give reasons for the following observations:
    (a) The element carbon forms a very large number of compounds.
    (b) Air holes of a gas burner have to be adjusted when the heated vessels get blackened by the flame.
    (c) The use of synthetic detergents causes pollution of water.
43. (a)How will you bring about the following reactions? Write the concerned chemical equations.:
    (i)  Ethanol to Ethane 
    (ii) Ethanol to Ethanoic acid.
    (b) Give one example with chemical equations for the following reactions:
    (i)  Substitution reaction
    (ii) Saponification reaction
    (iii) Combustion reaction.
44. Write a balanced chemical equation for the following:
    (i)  Methane is burned in insufficient air.
    (ii) Ethanol is treated with sodium
    (iii) Ethanoic acid is reacted with is sodium hydroxide
    (iv) Ethanoic acid is treated with sodium carbonate.
    (v) Ethanol is mixed with ethanoic acid in the presence of an acid.
45. Explain the following reactions with one example for each giving relevant chemical equations.
    (i) Hydrogenation reaction
    (ii) Oxidation reaction
    (iii) Substitution reaction
    (iv) Combustion reactions.
    (v) Saponification reactions.
46. Draw the structure for the following compounds:
    (i) 2- Bromopentane
    (ii) 2-methyl propane
    (iii) Butanol
    (iv) 1-Hexyne.
47. Carbon has a unique property to form bonds with other atoms of carbon.
    (i) Name that characteristics property of carbon.
    (ii) Give reasons for this unit property of carbon.
    (iii) Draw the structure of cyclohexane.
48. An organic compound A is widely used as a preservative in pickles and has a molecular formula C₂H₄O₂. The compound reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid to form a sweet-smelling compound B.
    (i) Identify the compound.
    (ii) Write the chemical equations for its reaction with ethanol to form compound B.
    (iii) How can you get A back from B?
    (iv) Name the process and write the corresponding chemical equation.
49. Write the chemical equations for the following chemical reactions and name the carbon compounds obtained.
    (i) The reaction of acidified potassium dichromate solution with ethanol on heating.
    (ii) The reaction of sodium metal with ethanol.
    (iii) Reactions of concentrated sulfuric acid with ethanol at 443 K.  
50. Write the IUPAC name of the following :
    

    

Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and  Equations	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 2 - Acid, Bases and Salt	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 3 - Metal and Non-metals	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 4 - Carbon and it's compound	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 5 - Periodic Classification of Elements	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 6 - Life Processes	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 7 - Control and Co-ordination	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 9 -  Health and Heredity	Quick View
Chapter 10 -  Reflection and Refraction	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 11 -  Human Eye Colourful World	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 12 -  Electricity	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 13 -  Magnetic Effect of Electric Current	Quick View	Questions with Solutions
Chapter 14 -  Sources of Energy	Quick View
Chapter 15  - Our Environment	Quick View
Chapter 16 - Management of  Natural  Resources	Quick View